Nano-components derived from Descurainiae Semen Carbonisatum and its hemostatic mechanism / 药学学报

A novel sort of nano-component was extricated and isolated from Descurainiae Semen Carbonisatum (DSC), and its hemostatic component was considered through pharmacological experiments. A muffle furnace was used to prepare DSC at 250 ℃, 300 ℃ and 350 ℃, and the DSC dialysate at each temperature was obtained by the extraction and separation method. Low-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were utilized to characterize the nano-components. Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-Vis), fluorescence spectroscopy (FL) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were utilized to measure its optical characteristics and functional group information. The anti-hemorrhagic effects were evaluated by liver bleeding tests and the related hemostatic mechanisms of the obtained nano-components were further assessed by detecting blood coagulation and PLT quantity to discuss the hemostasis mechanism. The experiments complied with the Animal Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. TEM results showed that there was a novel type of nano-component in the DSC dialysate bag, which was named DSC nano-components (DSC-NCs). The experimental results of liver bleeding in mice showed that DSC-NCs prepared at 250 ℃, 300 ℃, and 350 ℃ could reduce the bleeding time of mice liver. Among them, DSC-NCs prepared at 350 °C had the best effect. In addition, DSC-NCs prepared at various temperatures can also reduce the prothrombin time (PT) value, increase the fibrinogen (FIB) value and the platelet (PLT) value to varying degrees. DSC-NCs have a certain hemostatic effect, which may be related to the activation of the exogenous coagulation system, the increase of FIB value and the increase of platelet content. This provides a new research direction for exploring the treatment of bleeding diseases, and provides a new perspective for the potential application of DSC-NCs in the medical field.

The effect of Moutan cortex carbonisata nano-components on the blood-cooling and hemostatic / 药学学报

At present, the research of Moutan cortex carbonisata (MCC) mainly focuses on the changes of chemical composition before and after charcoal production, and there is a lack of material basic research directly related to the efficacy at home and abroad. In this study, Moutan cortex, as a precursor, and was calcined to MCC at high temperature. The Moutan cortex carbonisata nano-components (MCC-NCs) were extracted and separated from MCC to explore its cooling-blood and hemostatic effects. In the experiment, the MCC was calcined at a high temperature in a muffle furnace (350 ℃, 1 h), and then MCC-NCs were extracted for MCC, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, the study evaluated the blood-cooling and hemostatic effects of MCC-NCs. The results showed that MCC-NCs have a size distribution of 0.80-2.8 nm, a lattice spacing of 0.26 nm. MCC-NCs are mainly composed of C, O and N elements and have abundant surface functional groups such as OH, C=O, C-N and C=C. The fluorescence yield of MCC-NCs was 7.18%. The experiments complied with the Animal Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The result indicated that pretreatment MCC-NCs can significantly (P < 0.05) reduce the high, medium, and low viscosity of whole blood and plasma viscosity, and reduce hematocrit, red blood cell distribution width, hemoglobin and red blood cell level. In addition, MCC-NCs significantly reduced the levels of activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and fibrinogen (P < 0.05). The pathological examination results showed that MCC-NCs can significantly reduce lung tissue damage, reduce bleeding and inflammatory cell infiltration. At the same time, it can also significantly reduce the symptoms of gastric mucosal bleeding. In conclusion, the results indicated that MCC-NCs has significantly the effect of blood cooling and hemostasis, and its hemostatic effect is mainly related to the activation of endogenous coagulation pathway or fibrinogen system, which provided a novel strategy for exploring the material basis of traditional Chinese medicine for hemostasis.

Value of OCT in the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma optic nerve injury / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the value of frequency threshold optical coherence tomography(OCT)in the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma optic nerve injury. <p>METHODS: Eighty patients with early primary glaucoma who were admitted to the hospital between January 2018 and March 2020 and 100 healthy subjects were selected as the study subjects. Patients with primary open angle glaucoma were divided into early group, middle group and late group. OCT was used to measure the thicknesses of upper, lower, nasal, bitemporal peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)and upper and lower macular ganglion cell complex(mGCC)in each group. The mean deviation(MD)of visual field was determined through perimetry. The OCT parameters and perimetry parameters were compared among groups. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between OCT parameters and visual field defects, and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to calculate the value of OCT parameters in diagnosing primary open angle glaucoma. <p>RESULTS: There were 24 cases, 39 cases and 17 cases in the early group, middle group and late group, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in pRNFL and mGCC among 3 groups(<i>P</i><0.05).The upper, lower, average pRNEL and the upper, lower, and average mGCC of patients in the early group of a third-class hospital were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the parameters of pRNFL and mGCC in each position of the mid-stage and late group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The upper, lower, nasal pRNFL, average pRNFL, upper, lower and average mGCC of the late group of glaucoma patients were significantly lower than those of the early group and the middle group. The indicators of the middle group were significantly lower than those of the early group(<i>P</i><0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that pRNFL and mGCC parameters were negatively correlated with glaucoma severity(<i>P</i><0.05)ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curves of the upper, lower, nasal, bitamporal and average pRNFL for diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma optic nerve injury were 0.693, 0.846, 0.676, 0.579 and 0.844, respectively. The areas under the curves of upper, lower and average mGCC for diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma optic nerve injury were 0.542, 0.677 and 0.676 respectively. The area under the curve of average pRNFL combined with average mGCC for the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma optic nerve injury was 0.883. <p>CONCLUSION:The pRNFL and mGCC measured by OCT are closely related to the degree of primary open angle glaucoma optic nerve injury. Both have high diagnostic value for glaucoma and can be used clinically for diagnosis and condition assessment.

Quantitative evaluation of inhibitory effects of epileptic spikes on theta rhythms in the network of hippocampal CA3 and entorhinal cortex in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy / 生理学报

Epileptic spike is an indicator of hyper-excitability and hyper-synchrony in the neural networks. The inhibitory effects of spikes on theta rhythms (4-8 Hz) might be helpful to understand the mechanism of epileptic damage on the cognitive functions. To quantitatively evaluate the inhibitory effects of spikes on theta rhythms, intracerebral electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings with both sporadic spikes (SSs) and spike-free transient period between adjacent spikes were selected in 4 patients in the status of rapid eyes movement (REM) sleep with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) under the pre-surgical monitoring. The electrodes of hippocampal CA3 and entorhinal cortex (EC) were employed, since CA3 and EC built up one of key loops to investigate cognition and epilepsy. These SSs occurred only in CA3, only in EC, or in both CA3 and EC synchronously. Theta power was respectively estimated around SSs and during the spike-free transient period by Gabor wavelet transform and Hilbert transform. The intermittent extent was then estimated to represent for the loss of theta rhythms during the spike-free transient period. The following findings were obtained: (1) The prominent rhythms were in theta frequency band; (2) The spikes could transiently reduce theta power, and the inhibitory effect was severer around SSs in both CA3 and EC synchronously than that around either SSs only in EC or SSs only in CA3; (3) During the spike-free transient period, theta rhythms were interrupted with the intermittent theta rhythms left and theta power level continued dropping, implying the inhibitory effect was sustained. Additionally, the intermittent extent of theta rhythms was converged to the inhibitory extent around SSs; (4) The average theta power level during the spike-free transient period might not be in line with the inhibitory extent of theta rhythms around SSs. It was concluded that the SSs had negative effects on theta rhythms transiently and directly, the inhibitory effects aroused by SSs sustained during the spike-free transient period and were directly related to the intermittent extent. It was indicated that the loss of theta rhythms might qualify exactly the sustained inhibitory effects on theta rhythms aroused by spikes in EEG. The work provided an argumentation about the relationship between the transient negative impact of interictal spike and the loss of theta rhythms during spike-free activity for the first time, offered an intuitive methodology to estimate the inhibitory effect of spikes by EEG, and might be helpful to the analysis of EEG rhythms based on local field potentials (LFPs) in deep brain.

Allergy to soft cannula of insulin pump in diabetic patient

Insulin pump is a relatively good choice for diabetic patients who require multiple daily injections with wide fluctuations of blood glucose. Patients using insulin pump therapy and still having uncontrolled blood glucose levels for various factors: insulin pump not working properly, insulin instability, insulin autoantibody, insulin allergy, etc. We described a 46-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and progressive hyperglycemia after switching multiple daily insulin injections to insulin pump, due to allergy to soft cannula of insulin pump

Efficacy observation of chronic pelvic inflammation of different differentiated patterns/syndromes treated with acupoint embedding therapy / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical efficacy on chronic pelvic inflammation between the acupoint embedding therapy and acupuncture, and to compare the efficacy of different patterns/syndroms in differentiation treated with acupoint embedding therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and eighteen cases were randomized into an embedding therapy group (115 cases) and an acupuncture group (103 cases). In both groups, Shenshu (BL 23), Guanyuanshu (BL 26), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Guanyuan (CV 4) and Qihai (CV 6) were selected as the main points. For qi and blood stagnation pattern/syndrome, Zhongdu (LR 6), Diji (SP 8) and the others were added; for cold and damp stagnation pattern/syndrome, Diji (SP 8) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were added; for stasis and phlegm pattern/syndrome due to spleen deficiency, Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) were added. In the embedding therapy group, the catgut was embedded at 7 - 13 acupoints each time, once every 10 days. In the acupuncture group, the conventional acupuncture therapy was applied, once a day. The symptom scores were assessed in the aspects of the lower abdominal pain severity and attack frequency, lumbosacral soreness and distention, abnormality of vaginal discharge and the others. The efficacy was compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 93.0% (107/115) in the embedding therapy group, which was better than 83.5% (86/103) in the acupuncture group (P < 0.05). The symptom scores were all reduced after treatment in the two groups (all P < 0.05). In the embedding therapy group, the efficacies were not significantly different among different patterns/syndromes (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The acupoint embedding therapy achieves the definite efficacy on chronic pelvic inflammation and obtains the similar efficacies among the different differentiated patterns/syndromes of the disease.</p>

Epidemiological features of chronic and Alzheimer's diseases in the community-based elderly living in cities and couties in Hebei province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the epidemiological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD)in the community-based elderly living in cities and counties in Hebei province.Methods Under the stratified random sampling method,Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE)was used to evaluate senile dementia and Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL)and to evaluate the daily lives of the elderly.Related dementia standard on the diagnose of AD and its subtypes was used.Statistically,data was analyzed through SPSS 13.0 software.Results The overall prevalence was 64.84%(2355/3632) on chronic diseases in those elderly who were over 60 years of age while AD appeared to be high and increased with age.The prevalence rate of dementia was 7.24%(263/3632),in which AD accounted for 4.87%(177/3632).Rates for other chronic diseases were as follows:hypertension (32.35%),diabetes(11.37%),chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(9.25%),coronary heart disease(8.84%)and stroke(7.16%).The prevalence of AD increased with age and was related to the low degree of education having.Conclusion Elderly living in the communities of Hebei province showed high prevalent rates of chronic diseases including AD,which had become the major kind of diseases related to old age.

Distribution of mast cells and its role in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution of mast cells (MC) in colon tissue of Hirschsprung disease (HD) and explore the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of HD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-one cases of HD (male 23, female 18), age from 2 months to 15 years, and eight age-matched normal cases were enrolled in this study. The distribution of MC in all layers of colon was examined by immunohistochemistry with mouse antihuman mast cell tryptase monoclonal antibody.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The count of MC in all layers of colon aganglionic segments of HD was significantly higher as compared with colon ganglionic segments of HD and normal controls (21.47+/-3.59 vs 3.18+/-0.87, 2.75+/-0.51). The average optical density values(A) of MC in aganglionic and ganglionic segments significantly decreased as compared to normal control (0.38+/-0.10,0.31+/-0.11 vs 0.51+/-0.08).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mast cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HD.</p>

Protective Effects of Insulin on Acute Global Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To observe effects and mechanisms of insulin on reperfusion injury after cerebral ischemia.Methods Sixty-six male Wistar rats were used in this study.All rats were divided into 3 groups as treated group(A),control group(B) and random sham-operated group(C).Four-vessel occlusion was used to establish global cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in study groups.The treated group were divided into 5 groups(A1-A5) and intraperineally injected with biosynthetic human insulin 2 IU/(kg?d) and 50%glucose 2 g/(kg?d) for 7 days,the blood glucose was monitored in preoperative and postoperative 3,6,12,24 h,and the blood glucose was maintained between 3.5-6.5 mmol/L.These animals of control group were given with saline 2 mL/(kg?d) for 7 days in abdominal cavity.All the rats were killed in the seventh day,brain homogenate was collected for detection of neuron specific enolase(NSE)and nitric oxide(NO).The hippocampus was separated for observation of electronic microscope.Results Concentration of NSE in brain tissue in group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B,while the level in group A was higher than that of group B.Concentration of NO in group C was lower than that of group A and group B while the level of NO in group A was significantly lower than that of group B.Electron microscope showed that the ultrastructure of sham-operated group was nearly normal,damage degree of hippocampal neuron and gliacyte and capillary was gradually worse from group A1,A2 to A4,the damage degree of group B1,B2 and B4 was serious and there was no difference among them.Conclusion Insulin can really promote recovery of the cerebral injury after ischemia reperfusion.